Stage 6 · Operate
Disaster Recovery & Continuity
Continuity Exercises
Tabletop scenarios, regional evacuation drills, supplier failures, and executive escalation paths.
Exercise Types
| Type | Description | Duration | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tabletop | Discuss scenarios on paper | 2 hours | Quarterly |
| Functional | Execute specific DR procedures | 4 hours | Semi-annually |
| Full-scale | Complete DR failover simulation | 8 hours | Annually |
| Unannounced | Surprise DR activation | Varies | Rare |
Tabletop Scenarios
tabletop_scenarios:
scenario_1:
name: "Complete region failure"
description: "AWS us-east-1 region becomes completely unavailable"
participants: "SRE, Engineering, Product, Executive"
discussion_points:
- "How do we declare DR?"
- "Who activates secondary region?"
- "How do we communicate to customers?"
- "What data might be lost?"
- "When do we attempt failback?"
scenario_2:
name: "Database corruption"
description: "Production database has corrupted data from bad migration"
participants: "SRE, Database team, Engineering"
discussion_points:
- "When do we stop writes?"
- "How do we restore from backup?"
- "How do we handle data written after corruption?"
- "What is the data loss window?"
scenario_3:
name: "CDN provider failure"
description: "Primary CDN provider has global outage"
participants: "SRE, Infrastructure, Product"
discussion_points:
- "How do we switch to backup CDN?"
- "How do we handle cached content?"
- "What is the user impact?"
- "How do we communicate the issue?"
scenario_4:
name: "Security breach"
description: "Confidential data exposed due to misconfiguration"
participants: "SRE, Security, Legal, Executive"
discussion_points:
- "How do we contain the breach?"
- "When do we notify affected users?"
- "How do we notify regulators?"
- "How do we preserve evidence?"Regional Evacuation Drills
regional_evacuation:
scenario: "Evacuate us-east-1 to eu-west-1"
duration: "4 hours"
participants: "SRE, Database, Infrastructure"
steps:
- step: "Preparation (30 min)"
actions:
- "Verify secondary region is healthy"
- "Verify database replication is current"
- "Open DR war room"
- "Notify stakeholders"
- step: "Failover (60 min)"
actions:
- "Stop writes to primary database"
- "Verify replication lag is zero"
- "Promote secondary database"
- "Update DNS to secondary region"
- "Verify traffic flowing to secondary"
- step: "Validation (60 min)"
actions:
- "Test all critical user journeys"
- "Verify data integrity"
- "Monitor error rates and latency"
- "Verify backup systems working"
- step: "Communication (30 min)"
actions:
- "Update status page"
- "Notify customers"
- "Update leadership"
success_criteria:
- "Failover completes within RTO"
- "No data loss (RPO = 0)"
- "All services operational in secondary region"
- "Communication sent within 15 minutes"
debrief:
timing: "Within 24 hours"
participants: "All drill participants"
output: "Improvement actions and runbook updates"Supplier Failures
supplier_failure_scenarios:
cloud_provider_outage:
description: "Major cloud provider has regional outage"
impact: "All services in affected region down"
mitigation: "Multi-region failover"
exercise: "Regional evacuation drill"
cdn_outage:
description: "CDN provider has global outage"
impact: "Static assets unavailable, slow page loads"
mitigation: "Fallback to origin, backup CDN"
exercise: "CDN failover drill"
dns_provider_outage:
description: "DNS provider has outage"
impact: "All services unreachable by name"
mitigation: "Anycast DNS, backup DNS provider"
exercise: "DNS failover drill"
payment_provider_outage:
description: "Payment processor is down"
impact: "Cannot process payments"
mitigation: "Backup payment provider"
exercise: "Payment failover drill"
database_provider_outage:
description: "Managed database service is down"
impact: "All database-dependent services fail"
mitigation: "Self-managed database, cross-region replica"
exercise: "Database failover drill"Executive Escalation Paths
executive_escalation:
triggers:
- "DR declared"
- "DR exceeds RTO"
- "Data loss detected"
- "Customer data compromised"
- "Regulatory notification required"
escalation_path:
- level: 1
contact: "SRE Manager"
timing: "Immediate on DR declaration"
channel: "PagerDuty + Phone"
- level: 2
contact: "VP Engineering"
timing: "Within 15 minutes"
channel: "Phone"
- level: 3
contact: "CTO"
timing: "Within 30 minutes"
channel: "Phone"
- level: 4
contact: "CEO"
timing: "Within 1 hour"
channel: "Phone"
executive_briefing_template:
- "What happened: [1-2 sentences]"
- "Current status: [one sentence]"
- "Impact: [users, revenue, duration]"
- "What we are doing: [current actions]"
- "What we need: [decisions, resources]"
- "Next update: [time]"Exercise Schedule
exercise_schedule:
quarterly:
Q1:
exercise: "Tabletop — region failure scenario"
participants: "SRE, Engineering, Product"
duration: "2 hours"
Q2:
exercise: "Functional — database failover drill"
participants: "SRE, Database team"
duration: "4 hours"
Q3:
exercise: "Tabletop — security breach scenario"
participants: "SRE, Security, Legal, Executive"
duration: "2 hours"
Q4:
exercise: "Full-scale — regional evacuation drill"
participants: "All teams"
duration: "8 hours"
monthly:
- "Backup restore test"
- "DR runbook review"
- "Access verification"
tracking:
- "Exercise completion rate: target 100%"
- "Action item completion rate: target > 90%"
- "DR readiness score: target > 80%"DR exercises build muscle memory for disaster response. The more you practice, the faster and more effective your response becomes. Organizations that exercise regularly recover faster from real disasters.
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